A heat pump is part of a heating and cooling system that is installed outside your home. Like an air conditioner, it can cool your home, but it is also capable of providing heat. In the colder months, a heat pump draws heat from the cold outdoor air and transfers it indoors, while in the warmer months it pulls heat from the indoor air to cool your home. They are powered by electricity and use refrigerants to transfer heat, providing comfort year-round. Because they handle cooling and heating, homeowners may not need to install a separate system to heat their homes. In colder climates, electric heat panels can be added to indoor fan coils for additional functionality. Heat pumps are more environmentally friendly because they don't burn fossil fuels as furnaces do.
How do heat pumps cool and heat?
Heat pumps do not generate heat. They redistribute heat from the air or ground and use a refrigerant that circulates between the indoor fan coil (air handler) unit and the outdoor compressor to transfer heat. In cooling mode, the heat pump absorbs heat from your home and releases it outdoors. In heating mode, the heat pump absorbs heat from the ground or outside air (even cold air) and releases it into the home.
Heating and Cooling Heat Pump
What types of heat pumps are available?
The two most common types of heat pumps are air-source and ground-source. Air-source heat pumps transfer heat between indoor air and outdoor air and is more popular for residential heating and cooling.
Ground source heat pumps, sometimes called geothermal heat pumps, transfer heat between the air in your home and the ground outdoors. These cost more to install because of the consistency of ground temperatures throughout the year but are typically more efficient and less expensive to operate.
Where do heat pumps work best?
Heat pumps are more common in milder climates, where temperatures don't usually drop below freezing. In colder areas, they can also be used in combination with furnaces to provide energy-efficient heating on all but the coldest days. When the outdoor temperature drops too low for the heat pump to operate efficiently, the system will turn to the furnace to generate heat. This system is often referred to as a dual fuel system - it is very energy-efficient and cost-effective.
What are the components of a heat pump system?
The main components of a heat pump system.
An outdoor unit with a coil that acts as a condenser in cooling mode and an evaporator in heating mode
The indoor unit contains a coil (just like the outdoor unit) and a fan that allows air to pass through your home
The refrigerant absorbs and releases heat as it circulates through the system
A compressor that pressurizes the refrigerant
Reversing valves that change the direction of the refrigerant in the system to switch between heating and cooling
Expansion valves that regulate the flow of refrigerant through the system
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